Lips Don’t Lie: The Hidden Dangers of Kissing

Kissing is a widely accepted way to express affection, symbolizing love, comfort, and connection among individuals. Whether it’s a romantic smooch or a gentle kiss on the cheek from a family member, it plays a significant role in human relationships. However, the potential for kissing to transmit infectious diseases is often overlooked. These pathogens can spread via saliva, skin contact, or mucous membranes, making the act an effective means for transmitting infections from one person to another (Mayo Clinic, 2023).

While adults with strong immune systems may recover from such infections relatively quickly, certain groups particularly pregnant women and new-borns face a higher risk of complications. During the third trimester, even minor infections can pose significant health risks to both the mother and her child. Likewise, new-borns, whose immune systems are still developing, are vulnerable to serious illnesses caused by viruses like herpes or cytomegalovirus (CMV). Being aware of these dangers can empower individuals to make safer choices regarding how they show affection.

Types of Infections That Can Be Transmitted:

• Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1)

HSV-1 is one of the most common viruses transmitted through kissing, causing cold sores or fever blisters. It can be contagious even in the absence of visible sores (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2023a). New-borns are particularly at risk, as they can develop neonatal herpes, a rare but potentially fatal condition. Infants exposed to HSV-1 may experience seizures, developmental delays, and in severe instances, death. To mitigate risks during labour, doctors often prescribe acyclovir to pregnant women in their last month (Brown et al., 2003). In situations where active sores are present, caesarean delivery is typically recommended to reduce the risk of exposure during birth.

• Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

The Epstein-Barr virus, known for causing mononucleosis, is often referred to as the “kissing disease” due to its primary transmission via saliva. Symptoms include sore throat, fatigue, fever, and swollen glands. While generally mild in healthy individuals, EBV can lead to complications such as hepatitis, an enlarged spleen, and chronic fatigue syndrome (Johns Hopkins Medicine, 2022). If a pregnant woman contracts EBV for the first time, there is an elevated risk of premature birth or miscarriage. New-borns may have more severe reactions to EBV due to their immature immune systems.

• Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

CMV is another virus that spreads through saliva. While it often shows no symptoms in adults, it can cause serious congenital infections if transmitted from mother to fetus. Congenital CMV is the leading cause of non-genetic hearing loss and developmental delays in children globally (Rawlinson et al., 2017). Pregnant women are advised to refrain from kissing young children on the mouth and to maintain strict hygiene practices, as the virus can also be transmitted through breastfeeding and diaper changes. The risk is highest when a woman contracts CMV for the first time during pregnancy, as she hasn’t developed the necessary antibodies.

• Streptococcal Infections (Strep Throat)

Strep throat, caused by Group A Streptococcus, is spread through saliva and nasal secretions. Kissing someone with untreated strep throat can rapidly transmit the bacteria. While treatment for adults is straightforward, strep infections in infants can lead to complications such as rheumatic fever and kidney inflammation (Mayo Clinic, 2023). Caregivers and siblings who are sick should exercise caution around young children and refrain from close contact until they have fully recovered.

• Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD)

HFMD primarily affects children but can also be transmitted to adults. It is caused by enteroviruses like Coxsackievirus A16 and spreads through contact with saliva, nasal secretions, and blister fluids. Adults carrying the virus may not show symptoms but can still infect infants through kissing. The illness can result in high fever, painful sores, and dehydration in babies (American Academy of Paediatrics, 2023).

• Other Rare Infections

Although rare, infections such as hepatitis B, syphilis, and certain strains of HPV can be transmitted through deep kissing if open sores or bleeding gums are present. These situations underscore the importance of good oral health and hygiene, particularly when engaging with vulnerable individuals (WHO, 2021).

Preventive Measures:

• Avoid Kissing When Ill

If you have symptoms like fever, sore throat, or cold sores, it is crucial to refrain from kissing especially around new-borns and pregnant women. Viruses can be transmitted even before symptoms fully appear (CDC, 2023a). Taking a temporary break from kissing can help safeguard those who are most at risk.

• Be Cautious Around New-borns

New-borns are particularly susceptible due to their underdeveloped immune systems. Experts advise against kissing babies on the mouth or face to help lower the risk of transmitting infections. Even innocuous actions like kissing a baby’s hand can be risky because infants often put their hands in their mouths (American Academy of Paediatrics, 2023).

• Maintain Proper Hygiene

Effective hygiene practices such as hand washing, using hand sanitizers, and avoiding sharing utensils or toothbrushes can significantly reduce the risk of infection. Adults who frequently get cold sores should avoid kissing during outbreaks and consider taking prescribed antiviral medications (Mayo Clinic, 2023).

• Antiviral Use During Pregnancy

Pregnant women with a history of HSV infections may benefit from prophylactic antiviral treatment, such as acyclovir or Val acyclovir, during the third trimester to lower the likelihood of outbreaks near delivery (Brown et al., 2003). If lesions are present during labour, a caesarean section is often recommended to prevent neonatal herpes.

• Educate Family and Friends

Informing loved ones about the risks associated with kissing new-borns or pregnant women can help establish healthy boundaries. While some may feel disappointed, sharing evidence-based medical advice fosters understanding and cooperation. Clear communication is vital to ensure everyone contributes to protecting those at greater risk.

Conclusion

While kissing is a valued form of intimacy, it carries potential health risks, particularly for pregnant women and infants. Viruses such as HSV-1, EBV, CMV, and respiratory viruses like influenza can be transmitted through saliva. Although these infections may cause mild symptoms in healthy adults, they can have life-threatening consequences for vulnerable populations.

By adhering to preventive measures, such as avoiding kissing when unwell, practicing good hygiene, utilizing antiviral medications when necessary, and educating those around us, we can express our affection safely. Raising awareness of these often-overlooked risks helps protect our most vulnerable loved ones while maintaining the warmth and connection that kissing symbolizes.

 

WRITTEN BY: WISDOM KOUDJO KLU, EDUCATIONIST/COLUMNIST, GREATER ACCRA REGION. [email protected]